作为一门与大自然打交道的学问，博物学于十九世纪末达到巅峰。新艺术运动受到当时博物热潮的影响，集中诞生了一批表现博物主题的杰作。自古以来，大自然一直是人类灵感的源泉，若要了解如何通过设计表现自然，则必须先了解人类探索自然的方式。本文以新艺术运动为例，分析博物学与新艺术运动间千丝万缕的联系，探讨博物学曾如何影响设计。 十九世纪末，博物学和艺术的受众从贵族逐渐向中产、平民发展。由于工业生产的影响造成了人与自然的疏离，这反而促使人们对博物学产生兴趣并重新进入自然，还推动了工艺美术运动向自然学习理念的诞生。在博物学的长期熏陶下，新艺术运动的许多设计师兼具艺术才能和博物才能。他们用科学与艺术相结合的方式看待自然，表现自然之美。 本文将阐述十九世纪新艺术运动与博物学相关的时代背景，找寻两者的联系性。通过对新艺术博物主题和代表人物的整理，分析新艺术运动的设计师如何在博物学的影响下进行设计。再结合当今现实，总结出博物学和设计相融合的可持续设计方法。十九世纪末的博物学还未进入生态保护的阶段，新艺术运动的设计也并非基于保护自然的目的。如今，可持续发展观念鼓励人们认知自然，回归自然，保护自然。而博物学有利于重新唤起当今世界人们对自然的关注。不断觉醒的生态保护意识是影响设计领域的一个重要因素，这也有助于实现可持续发展理念。

As a science dealing with nature, natural history reached its peak at the end of the 19th century. The Art Nouveau was influenced by the upsurge of natural history at that time, and a number of masterpieces representing the theme of natural history were produced. Since ancient times, nature has been the source of inspiration for human beings. To understand how to express nature through design, we must first understand the way humans explore nature. Taking the Art Nouveau as an example, this paper analyzes the inextricable links between natural history and the Art Nouveau, and discusses how natural history has influenced design. At the end of the 19th century, the audience of natural history and art gradually developed from the aristocracy to the middle class and the common people. Due to the influence of industrial production, people have been alienated from nature, which has stimulated people to have an interest in natural history and re-enter nature, and also promoted the birth of the concept of learning from nature in the arts and crafts movement. Under the long-term influence of natural history, many designers of the Art Nouveau have both artistic talent and natural history talent. They treat nature in a way that combines science and art, and express the beauty of nature. This article will elaborate the background of the 19th century Art Nouveau and natural history, and find the connection between them. Through sorting out the theme and representative figures of the Art Nouveau, this paper analyzes how the designers of the Art Nouveau design under the influence of the natural history. Combined with today's reality, this paper summarizes the sustainable design method integrating natural history and design. At the end of the 19th century, natural history had not entered the stage of ecological protection, and the design of the Art Nouveau was not based on the purpose of protecting nature. Today, the concept of sustainable development encourages people to recognize, return to and protect nature. And natural history is conducive to re-awakening people's attention to nature in the world today. The awakening awareness of ecological protection is an important factor affecting the design field, which also contributes to the realization of the concept of sustainable development.