摘    要

    18世纪中叶至19世纪中叶，主要制作于中国南方珠江口岸的广州、香港、澳门等地的外销画，在清代中国与西方国家之间扮演着文化输出与商贸交流的媒介角色。其文化输出涉及到中国的地形风貌、民俗风情、生产劳作、自然生物等信息的方方面面，并因迎合西方人市场、主供外销的特点而具有浓厚的商业性质。在众多的外销画题材中，海港风光是西方人远洋而来望及中国的第一道风景。陆续踏上南中国沿岸的西方商人、船长、水手以及海军将领等，满心欢喜地欲将这一新奇的异域景象化为视觉图像，以便在日后将其作为纪念品携带回国，与身在故乡的亲人朋友们分享，或是作为他国文化的图示信息，在归国后以图录、书报插图的形式向公众印刷出版。于是，这些来华西方人开始向生活在沿海港口的中国画人订购海港风光图，外销海港画市场随之形成。较之其他外销画题材，海港画在内容与形式上与大洋彼岸的荷兰、英国同时有着较为密切的关联。本文将试图通过分析、比较清代外销海港画与荷兰、英国海港画的相关联系，进一步探讨在地理、商业全球化的历史背景下，海港画与以上各地经济、政治、社会生活等文化现象的联系意义。

    本文分为四个章节，主要采取以图证史、以史证图的图文互现方法，在考察现存清代外销海港画的基础上，参考来华荷、英画家绘制的海港风光作品及来华西人游记、航海志展开论述，具体则抽取较有代表意义的艺术家与作品进行图像分析。选取的对象将有利于构建本文所探讨的清代广东、荷兰、英国三者间的绘画艺术联系。第一章通过考察清代外销海港画与17世纪荷兰海港画的历史背景，从中比较异同，建立联系。第二章交代清代海港画与荷兰海港画的历史渊源，分别比较两国海港画的订购与生产特点。第三章从清代早期外销海港画的特点与用途着手考察，探讨17世纪荷兰绘画市场因消费而繁荣的形态，以及这个巨大的商业市场对日后中国外销画的潜在吸引。第四章通过分析17至19世纪来华的荷、英画家在中国绘制的海港画作品，进一步探讨荷兰地图、英国地形画与中国外销海港画三者之间的联系。

Chinese export paintings in the 18th Century to 19th Century,which born in the southern China Pearl River ports of Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Macao and other places,play a medium role of cultural output and trade exchanges between Qing Dynasty China and Western countries. The cultural output is contained in the informations of the topography,customs,production,biology and nature,etc.In addition, the Chinese export paintings caters to Westerners market and main supply for export,so it seems to have the feature of strong commercial. In many export painting theme,the port view is the the first look from the Westerners visiting China.The businessmen, captains, sailors and admirals are arriving to the South China coast,with joyful wanted to record the scene for the coming day that they can bring home as souvenirs to share with relatives and friends,or as a cultural icon of other countries published to the public in the form of catalogs, books, newspapers illustrations after their returning.As a result, the Westerners in China ordered the marines from Chinese painters living in the coastal ports.The marine market was born. Compared with the other Chinese export painting, marine is closely related to the Atlantic, the Dutch, and the England.This article tries to analyze and compare export marine of the Qing Dynasty with the Dutch and England.Under the circumstances of the geography, business globalization,the discussion will be continue in the topic of the significance between marine and the cultural phenomenon of economic,political,social life and so on. The paper is divided into four chapters, methods of Literature Review and Image Reproduction are employed in this study. Based on the analysis of the existing Chinese export paintings,by means of marines in Dutch and England,in Foreigners' travels and Journal of voyages,compare export marine of the Qing Dynasty with the Dutch and England.In detail,and select the typically artists and art works to analyze the image.The selected objects will be useful tor building bridges between Guangdong,Dutch and England.The chapter 1,by examining the export marine in the Qing Dynasty paintings and historical background of marine in Dutch Republic.Try to compare similarities,differences and establish contact.The chapter 2,reduce the historical origins of the Chinese export marine and the marine in Dutch.The chapter3,through exploring the characteristics and uses of the export marines in early Qing Dynasty.The chapter 4,through analyzing the marines from Holland, English painter drawing in China,to further explore the connections between maps of the Dutch, English topographic landscape and Chinese export marines. Key Words：Chinese Export Painting, Marine, Cultural Exchange, Pearl River Delta, Dutch Republic, England