北魏作为南北朝历史上的一个重要时期，其墓志文化对后世的影响不可忽视。墓志文化在南北朝时期发展尤为迅猛，墓志数量占到了南北朝的一半。在艺术方面，墓志的书法艺术别具一格，独领风骚，其倔强且充满想象力的艺术表现形式为后世所称颂，墓志中所用的文字亦有特点，大多为一字多形，这对后世借鉴异体字提供了基础，但也造成了很多困惑。本文在这一部分浅析了异体字对于书法创作的影响，并结合相关用词来判断异体字的用法。在语言文学方面，近年来虽然学界对墓志有所探究，但对其专题基础用词研究方面依旧薄弱。本文通过对近年来有关北魏墓志著作的整理，将北魏墓志的常用词汇进一步提取出来进行分析比较，运用传世文献与出土文献相结合的方法进行相互印证，用训诂学、语义学等相关知识理论，对词汇进行归纳整理并补充《汉语大词典》在词目义项上的缺失。 本文分为五个部分:绪论简单介绍了墓志概况，研究现状以及重难点和研究方法。第二部分主要为典故词组，分为有关历史人物典故词的梳理及阐释、北魏墓志中所见《周易》用语，此部分在前人的基础上更多呈现出自己的发现。第三部分为“天”字语素词汇整理以及补充对在墓志中出现的高频词汇在《大词典》的遗漏。第四部分通过部分异体字的对比，可以更加直观的看到异体字的多样性和复杂性。第五部分主要阐释异体字对于书法的具体影响以及如何规避一些异体字所带来的创作困扰。

As an important period in the history of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the influence of the epitaph culture on later generations can not be ignored. The epitaph culture developed particularly rapidly in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and the number of epitaphs accounted for half of the Northern and Southern Dynasties. In terms of art, the calligraphy art of the epitaph is unique and leading the way, and its stubborn and imaginative artistic expression is praised by later generations. The characters used in the epitaph are also characteristic, mostly polymorphism, which provides a basis for later generations to learn from heteronyms, but also causes a lot of confusion. In this part, the influence of heteronyms on calligraphy creation is analyzed, and the usage of heteronyms is judged by combining relevant words. In terms of language and literature, although the academic community has explored the epitaph in recent years, the research on the basic words of the topic is still weak. Through the arrangement of the works on the epitaphs of the Northern Wei in recent years, the commonly used vocabulary of the epitaphs of the Northern Wei is further extracted for analysis and comparison, and the method of combining handed down literature with unearthed literature is used to verify each other. With theories of exegesis, semantics and other related knowledge, the vocabulary is summarized and supplemented by the Chinese Dictionary in terms of the lack of meaning. This paper is divided into five parts: the introduction briefly introduces the general situation of the epitaph, the research status, the key points and research methods. The second part is mainly about allusion phrases, which are divided into the sorting and interpretation of the allusion words of historical figures and the Zhouyi terms seen in the epitaph of the Northern Wei Dynasty. This part presents more of its own findings on the basis of the previous research. The third part is the sorting of the morpheme vocabulary of the word "tian" and the supplement of the high-frequency words appearing in the epitaph that are omitted in the Dictionary. The fourth part is the comparison of some heteronyms, which can more intuitively see the diversity and complexity of the heteronyms. The fifth part mainly explains the specific impact of the heteronyms on calligraphy and how to avoid the creative problems caused by some heteronyms.